What the Watchtower Teaches

The Watchtower Society claims not only that its instruction is necessary for proper understanding of the Bible (as we saw in the previous article in this series), but that loyal participation in the religion the Society leads is necessary for salvation. This idea is usually expressed by saying that an individual must associate with God’s “organization” in order to be saved.

Anyone who is considering “studying the Bible” with Jehovah’s Witnesses should be forewarned that the purpose of the “free Bible studies” is to induce people to become loyal supporters of the organization. A 1990 article in the in-house Watchtower publication Kingdom Ministry made this point explicitly:

Bible students need to get acquainted with the organization of the “one flock” Jesus spoke about at John 10:16. They must appreciate that identifying themselves with Jehovah’s organization is essential to their salvation. (Rev. 7:9, 10, 15) Therefore, we should start directing our Bible students to the organization as soon as a Bible study is established.¹

Jehovah’s Witnesses are reminded almost continuously through the publications of the Watchtower Society that their salvation is contingent on them continuing to believe and support the organization’s teachings. Here are just a couple of examples from recent articles in the religion’s flagship magazine, the Watchtower:

We can enter into Jehovah’s rest—or join him in his rest—by obediently working in harmony with his advancing purpose as it is revealed to us through his organization.²

If we are to have Jehovah’s favor and blessing as individuals, we must support his organization and accept adjustments in our understanding of the Scriptures…. All who remain loyal to Jehovah and his organization will have his continued blessing…. For such Scriptural promises to become realities for us as individuals, we must continue to make spiritual progress, moving ahead with God’s organization, always keeping pace with it.³

While Christians outside “the organization” may find this emphasis on loyalty to the religious organization troubling, Jehovah’s Witnesses are taught to view all religious affiliation as ultimately a matter of trusting in one’s religion for salvation. The Watchtower magazine issues the following warning:

Similarly, it is wise to examine religion carefully. If you belong to a religious organization, you are, in effect, putting your spiritual life in its hands. This includes your prospects for salvation.⁴

Their textbook case of a religion on which people depend for salvation is the Catholic Church:

The Catholic Church occupies a very significant position in the world and claims to be the way of salvation for hundreds of millions of people. Any organization that assumes that position should be willing to submit to scrutiny and criticism. All who criticize have the obligation to be truthful in presenting the facts and fair and objective in assessing such.⁵

How Were People Saved before the Watchtower Society Existed?

An obvious difficulty with the claim that salvation is contingent on faithful, loyal support for God’s “organization” on the earth is that Jehovah’s Witnesses’ organization has existed for less than two centuries. Between the end of the first century and the end of the nineteenth century, there was no religious organization on earth that Jehovah’s Witnesses recognize as having spoken for God or taught the way of salvation in truth. That period of about 1,800 years was a period of apostasy during which true religion was all but extinct on the earth. Watchtower theology acknowledges the existence of individuals and small isolated groups of genuine believers during that period of apostasy prior to the formation of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, but not of any faithful organization on earth to which such believers could be attached. So how could people living before the Watchtower Society existed have been saved?

One possible answer a Jehovah’s Witness might give is that during the period when was no organization on earth representing Jehovah, he did not hold people responsible for not being associated with such an organization. Such an answer would miss the point. If an organization was not necessary for people’s salvation for the 1,800 years of the worldwide apostasy, there is no plausible reason why it would be necessary now.

Biblical Response

Jehovah’s Witnesses cite various proof texts from the Bible to support their belief that loyalty to the organization is necessary for salvation. The arguments using these proof texts generally take the following form:

You need to understand the Bible correctly to be saved.
You cannot understand the Bible correctly without following the organization’s teaching.
Therefore, you cannot be saved without following the organization’s teaching.

The proof texts are used to buttress the claims made in the first two statements (the premises of the argument). If we examine these proof texts in their contexts within the Bible, however, we will find that they simply do not support the premises. We have already responded rather thoroughly to the Watchtower’s use of Jesus’ parable of the faithful and wise servant (Matt. 24:45-47) to support their second premise.⁶ Another popular proof text for the claim that the Bible cannot be understood apart from the organization comes in the Book of Acts. Here is how the Watchtower recently explained this proof text:

For a person to develop strong faith, he needs to do more than read the Bible. He must understand what he reads and apply what he learns. (Jas. 1:22-25) An Ethiopian eunuch in the first century appreciated that fact. He was looking at God’s Word when the evangelizer Philip asked him: “Do you actually know what you are reading?” The eunuch replied: “Really, how could I ever do so unless someone guided me?” (Acts 8:26-31) Philip responded by helping the eunuch gain an accurate knowledge of God’s Word. The eunuch was so moved by what he learned that he got baptized. (Acts 8:32-38) Similarly, our Bible-based publications have helped us gain an accurate knowledge of the truth.⁷

In context, the Ethiopian was reading the Old Testament passage about the Suffering Servant (Isaiah 52:13-53:12). Luke tells us this and specifically quotes Isaiah 53:7-8 (Acts 8:32-33). Isaiah’s prophecy did not, of course, give the name of the Servant but was a prophetic picture of what he would do hundreds of years later. What the Ethiopian needed was to know who Jesus was and how Jesus had fulfilled the redemptive promise revealed in Isaiah. As Luke tells us, “Then Philip opened his mouth, and beginning with this Scripture he told him the good news about Jesus” (Acts 8:35).

We do indeed need some “publications” in order to have an accurate knowledge of the truth, but the publications that we need are the books of the Bible. In particular, we need the books of the New Testament in order to know how Jesus fulfilled the prophetic and redemptive expectations of the Old Testament. Everything we need to know about Jesus and how he fulfilled the Isaiah prophecies—everything that Philip might have told the Ethiopian that we would also need to know—is found in the New Testament. “The good news about Jesus” is the dominant theme of the New Testament writings.

Far from supporting the Watchtower’s claim that we need to believe and support a religious organization in order to be saved, Luke’s account of the Ethiopian nicely illustrates why no such “organization” is needed. Philip preached Jesus to the Ethiopian; he did not preach an organization. He did not “direct” the man “to the organization” as soon as he began his “Bible study” with him, as the Watchtower Society instructs its followers to do. Philip baptized the Ethiopian and sent him on his way (Acts 8:38-39).

We have focused attention especially on the second premise of the Watchtower’s argument—the premise that one needs the organization to understand the Bible—but we should also comment on the first premise. We do need to have an adequate understanding of the gospel—the good news about Jesus—in order to be saved (e.g., Rom. 10:9-10; Gal. 1:6-9). However, it isn’t correct to say that we need to have an accurate understanding of the Bible in order to be saved. This is a “requirement” the Bible itself never imposes. It is not necessary to understand the whole Bible in order to be saved. Nor is it necessary to have a correct doctrinal system with every point of doctrine or belief accurately understood in order to be saved. Doctrine is very important—more important than most people seem to think today—but it is not all-important or of ultimate importance to our eternal salvation. You do not have to get an “A” on a theology exam or a biblical studies exam in order to be saved. The Bible teaches that we are saved as a free gift of God’s grace and mercy through humble faith by the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ (John 3:16; Rom. 5:6-10; 6:23; Eph. 2:8-10; Titus 3:5-8).

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